Examining Consciousness
The relationship between quantum physics, consciousness, and measurement is one of the most intriguing and controversial areas in physics and philosophy. There are several theories — ranging from the strictly physical to the metaphysical, that attempt to explain how (or whether) consciousness plays a role in quantum measurement. Here’s a breakdown of some of the major interpretations and theories:
1. Copenhagen Interpretation (Standard View)
Key idea: A quantum system exists in a superposition of states until it is measured. Measurement collapses the wavefunction into a definite outcome.
Consciousness?: Originally ambiguous. Niels Bohr avoided discussing consciousness directly, but Werner Heisenberg and John von Neumann suggested the observer might play a central role.
Criticism: Vague about what constitutes a “measurement” and when collapse actually happens.
2. Von Neumann–Wigner Interpretation (Consciousness Causes Collapse)
Key idea: Conscious observation causes the collapse of the wavefunction.
Supporters: John von Neumann, Eugene Wigner (at least in his early career).
Implication: The mind is outside the physical system and plays a causal role in determining physical reality.
3. Many-Worlds Interpretation (No Collapse)
Key idea: Every possible outcome of a quantum event actually occurs — in separate, branching universes.
Measurement?: Observation doesn’t collapse the wavefunction; instead, the universe splits.
Consciousness?: No special role. Observers are just part of the branching.
Criticism: Raises questions about how probability fits in, and there’s no empirical evidence for other universes.
Video: The Observer Effect
